Present Perfect Tense (Sadašnje svršeno vreme) se gradi od glagola TO HAVE u Present Simple Tense-u (Prostom sadašnjem vremenu), tj. have/has i past participle-a (prošlog participa) glavnog glagola.
Prošli particip se kod pravilnih glagola gradi kada se na infinitiv doda nastavak –ed.
Kod nepravilnih glagola prošli particip ima drugačiji oblik (tzv. treća kolona):
Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
---|---|
I have (I've)worked – Ja sam radio | We have (We've) worked – Mi smo radili |
You have (You've)worked – Ti si radio | You have (You've) worked – Vi ste radili |
He has (He's)worked – On je radio She has (She's) worked – Ona je radila It has (It's) worked – Ono je radio |
They have (They've) worked– Oni su radili |
Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
---|---|
I have (I've) slept – Ja sam spavao | We have slept (We've) – Mi smo spavali |
You have (You've) slept – Ti si spavao | You have slept (You've) – Vi ste spavali |
He has slept (He's) – On je spavao She has slept (She's) – Ona je spavala It has slept (It's) – Ono je spavalo |
They have slept (They've) – Oni su spavali |
Upitni oblik glagola u Present Perfect Tense-u (Sadašnjem svršenom vremenu) se gradi inverzijom (u odnosu na potvrdni oblik) pomoćnog glagola TO HAVE (u sadašnjem vremenu) i lične zamenice.
Upitni oblik – Yes/No questions
Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
---|---|
Have I worked? – Da li sam ja radio? | Have we worked? – Da li smo mi radili? |
Have you worked? – Da li si ti radio? | Have you worked? – Da li ste vi radili? |
Has he worked? – Da li je on radio? Has she worked? – Da li je ona radila? Has it worked? – Da li je ono radilo? |
Have they worked? – Da li su oni radili? |
Na Yes/No pitanja se odgovara kratkim odgovorima (Short answers) na sledeći način:
Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
---|---|
Have I worked?–Yes, I have / No, I haven't | Have we worked? - Yes, we have / No, we haven't |
Have you worked? – Yes, you have / No, you haven't | Have you worked? – Yes you have / No , we haven't |
Has he worked? – Yes, he has /No, he hasn't Has she worked? – Yes, she has/No,she hasn't Has it worked? – Yes, it has / No, it hasn't |
Have they worked? –Yes, they have / No, they haven't |
Upitni oblik – Wh- questions
Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
---|---|
Where have I worked? – Gde sam ja radio? | Where have we worked? – Gde smo mi radili? |
Where have you worked? – Gde si ti radio? | Where have you worked? – Gde ste vi radili? |
Where has he worked? – Gde je on radio? Where has she worked? – Gde je ona radila? Where has it worked? – Gde je ono radilo? |
Where have they worked? – Gde su oni radili? |
Odrični oblik
Odrični oblik se gradi od odričnog obika glagola Have (odnosno Has za treće lice jednine) i Past Participle-a glavnog glagola.
Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
---|---|
I have not (haven't) worked – Ja nisam radio | We have not (haven't) worked – Mi nismo radili |
You have not (haven't) worked – Ti ne radiš | You have not (haven't) worked – Vi niste radili |
He has not (hasn't) worked – On nije radio She has not (hasn't) worked – Ona nije radila It has not (hasn't) worked – Ono nije radilo |
They have not (haven't) worked – Oni nisu radili |
Upotreba
The Present Perfect Tense (Sadašnje svršeno vreme) se koristi za:
Radnju koja je upravo završena, te se stoga uz njega često nalazi vremenska odrednica just (upravo)
Radnju koja se desila u prošlosti u neko neodređeno vreme:
Prošlu radnju koja ima vidljive rezultate (posledice) u sadašnjosti.
Radnju koja se desila u prošlosti ali je moguće da se ponovi u sadašnjosti.
Radnju koja je dešava u nezavršenom vremenskom periodu. Vremenski period koji traje često je označen sa today, this morning / afternoon / evening / week / month / year / century, recently, lately...
U ovom značenju često se javljaju i prilozi ever i never da označe životna iskustva subjekta.
Radnju koja je počela u prošlosti i još uvek traje. U tom smislu se koriste for i since. For se koristi da označi vremenski period u kojem radnja traje.
Since označava trenutak kada je radnja počela.
Present Perfect Tense se koristi kada govorimo o radnjama koje su se dogodile u neodređenom trenutku u prošlosti.
Past Simple će se upotrebiti kada imamo vremensku frazu koja nam jasno ukazuje na to kada se nešto odigralo u prošlosti.
Kada opisujemo određeni događaj često ćemo praviti kombinacije ova dva vremena. Kada navodimo činjenicu do koje je došlo možemo upotrebiti Present Perfect. Ali već svaka druga detaljnija informacija vezana za tu situaciju će biti izražena Past Simple Tense-om.
Uz reč when ide Past Simple Tense, jer se traži tačno vreme u prošlosti.