THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (SADAŠNJE SVRŠENO VREME)
Present Perfect Tense (Sadašnje svršeno vreme) se gradi od glagola TO HAVE u Present Simple Tense-u (Prostom sadašnjem vremenu), tj. have/has i past participle-a (prošlog participa) glavnog glagola.
Prošli particip se kod pravilnih glagola gradi kada se na infinitiv doda nastavak –ed.
Kod nepravilnih glagola prošli particip ima drugačiji oblik (tzv. treća kolona):
play – played
work – worked
sleep – slept
Potvrdni oblik | Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
| I have (I`ve)worked – Ja sam radio | We have (We`ve) worked – Mi smo radili |
| You have (You`ve)worked – Ti si radio | You have (You`ve) worked – Vi ste radili |
He has (He`s)worked – On je radio
She has (She`s) worked – Ona je radila
It has (It`s) worked – Ono je radio | They have (They`ve) worked– Oni su radili |
| Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
| I have (I`ve) slept – Ja sam spavao | We have slept (We`ve) – Mi smo spavali |
| You have (You`ve) slept – Ti si spavao | You have slept (You`ve) – Vi ste spavali |
He has slept (He`s) – On je spavao
She has slept (She`s) – Ona je spavala
It has slept (It`s) – Ono je spavalo | They have slept (They`ve) – Oni su spavali |
Upitni oblik glagola u Present Perfect Tense-u (Sadašnjem svršenom vremenu) se gradi inverzijom (u odnosu na potvrdni oblik) pomoćnog glagola TO HAVE (u sadašnjem vremenu) i lične zamenice.
Upitni oblik – Yes/No questions
| Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
| Have I worked? – Da li sam ja radio? | Have we worked? – Da li smo mi radili? |
| Have you worked? – Da li si ti radio? | Have you worked? – Da li ste vi radili? |
Has he worked? – Da li je on radio?Has she worked? – Da li je ona radila?
Has it worked? – Da li je ono radilo? | Have they worked? – Da li su oni radili? |
Na Yes/No pitanja se odgovara kratkim odgovorima (Short answers) na sledeći način:
Have I worked?–Yes, I have / No, I haven`t Have we worked? - Yes, we have / No, we Haven`t.
Have you worked? – Yes, you have / No, you haven`t Have you worked? – Yes you have / No, we haven`t
Has he worked? – Yes, he has / No, he hasn`t. Have they worked? –Yes, they have / No, they haven`t.
Has she worked? – Yes, she has/ No, she hasn`t.
Has it worked? – Yes, it has / No, it hasn`t.
Upitni oblik – Wh- questions | Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
| Where have I worked? – Gde sam ja radio? | Where have we worked? – Gde smo mi radili? |
| Where have you worked? – Gde si ti radio? | Where have you worked? – Gde ste vi radili? |
Where has he worked? – Gde je on radio?
Where has she worked? – Gde je ona radila?
Where has it worked? – Gde je ono radilo? | Where have they worked? – Gde su oni radili? |
Odrični oblik se gradi od odričnog obika glagola Have (odnosno Has za treće lice jednine) i Past Participle-a glavnog glagola.
Odrični oblik
| Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
| I have not (haven`t) worked – Ja nisam radio | We have not (haven`t) worked – Mi nismo radili |
| You have not (haven`t) worked – Ti ne radiš | You have not (haven`t) worked – Vi niste radili |
He has not (hasn`t) worked – On nije radio
She has not (hasn`t) worked – Ona nije radila
It has not (hasn`t) worked – Ono nije radilo | They have not (haven`t) worked – Oni nisu radili |
Upotreba: The Present Perfect Tense (Sadašnje svršeno vreme) se koristi za:
· Radnju koja je upravo završena, te se stoga uy njega često nalazi vremenska odrednica just (upravo) She has just gone out. (Ona je upravo izašla.)
· Radnju koja se desila u prošlosti u neko neodređeno vreme: I have travelled to America. (Putovao sam u Ameriku.)
· Prošlu radnju koja ima vidljive rezultate (posledice) u sadašnjosti. The lift has broken down. We have to use the stairs. (Lift se pokvario. Moramo da idemo stepenicama.)
I have washed the car. It looks lovely. (Oprao sam kola. Izgledaju odlično.)
· Radnju koja se desila u prošlosti ali je moguće da se ponovi u sadašnjosti. I have seen wolves in that forest. You can still see them sometimes. (Video sam vukove u toj šumi. Još uvek ih ponekad možeš videti.)
· Radnju koja je dešava u nezavršenom vremenskom periodu. Vremenski period koji traje često je označen sa today, this morning / afternoon / evening / week / month / year / century, recently, lately...
I haven`t seen him today. (Nisam ga danas video.)
He has had a lot of bad luck recently. (U poslednje vreme nije imao mnogo sreće.)
· U ovom značenju često se javljaju i prilozi ever i never da označe životna iskustva subjekta.
He has never eaten Chenese food. (On nikada nije jeo kinesku hranu.)
· Radnju koja je počela u prošlosti i još uvek traje. U tom smislu se koriste for i since. For se koristi da označi vremenski period u kojem radnja traje.
We have lived here for 10 years. (Živimo ovde već 10 godina.)
Since označava trenutak kada je radnja počela.
They have been friends since their schooldays. (Oni su prijatelji još od školskih dana.)
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE and PAST SIMPLE TENSE
· Present Perfect Tense se koristi kada govorimo o radnjama koje su se dogodile u neodređenom trenutku u prošlosti.
Mary has travelled to America. (Meri je putovala u Ameriku.)
I have broken my leg. (Slomila sam nogu.)
· Past Simple će se upotrebiti kada imamo vremensku frazu koja nam jasno ukazuje na to kada se nešto odigralo u prošlosti.
Mary travelled to America last year. (Meri je putovala u Ameriku prošle godine.)
I broke my leg when I was ten. (Slomila sam nogu kad mi je bilo deset godina.)
· Kada opisujemo određeni događaj često ćemo praviti kombinacije ova dva vremena. Kada navodimo činjenicu do koje je došlo možemo upotrebiti Present Perfect. Ali već svaka druga detaljnija informacija vezana za tu situaciju će biti izražena Past Simple Tense-om.
I have lost my wallet. (Izgubila sam novčanik.)
It happened in a supermarket. (To se desilo u supermarketu.)
I came to the cashier but there wasn`t a wallet in my bag. (Došla sam na kasu ali novčanik nije bio u torbi.)
I was desperate. (Bila sam očajna.)
· Uz reč when ide Past Simple Tense, jer se traži tačno vreme u prošlosti.
Have you ever been to England? (Da li si ikada bio u Engleskoj?)
Yes, I have. (Da, jesam.)
When did you go there? (Kada si išao tamo?)
I went there three years ago. (Išao sam pre tri godine.)
