PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE (SADAŠNJE SVRŠENO TRAJNO VREME)
Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Sadašnje svršeno trajno vreme) se gradi od glagola TO BE u Present Perfect Tense-u (Sadašnjem svršenom vremenu), tj. have/has been i present participle-a (sadašnjeg participa) glavnog glagola
Potvrdni oblik
Jednina (singular) |
Množina (plural) |
I have been working – Ja sam radio |
We have been working – Mi smo radili |
You have been working – Ti si radio |
You have been working – Vi ste radili |
He has been working – On je radio She has been working – Ona je radila It has been working – Ono je radio |
They have been working– Oni su radili |
Upitni oblik glagola u Present Perfect Continuous Tense-u (Sadašnjem svršenom trajnom vremenu) se gradi kao upitni oblik Present Perfect Simple Tense-a tj. inverzijom (u odnosu na potvrdni oblik) pomoćnog glagola TO HAVE i lične zamenice.
Upitni oblik – Yes/No questions
Jednina (singular) |
Množina (plural) |
Have I been working? – Da li sam ja radio? |
Have we been working? – Da li smo mi radili? |
Have you been working? – Da li si ti radio? |
Have you been working? – Da li ste vi radili? |
Has he been working? – Da li je on radio? Has she been working? – Da li je ona radila? Has it been working? – Da li je ono radilo? |
Have they been working? – Da li su oni radili? |
Na Yes/No pitanja se odgovara kratkim odgovorima (Short answers) na sledeći način:
Have I been working? – Yes, I have / No, I haven`t.
Have you been working? – Yes you have / No, you haven’t.
Has he been working? – Yes, he has / No, he hasn`t.
Has she been working? – Yes, she has/ No, she hasn`t.
Has it been working? – Yes, it has / No, it hasn`t.
Have we been working? - Yes, we have / No, we haven`t.
Have you been working? – Yes, you have / No, you haven’t.
Have they been working? –Yes, they have / No, they haven’t.
Upitni oblik – Wh- questions
Jednina (singular) |
Množina (plural) |
Where have I been working? – Gde sam ja radio? |
Where have we been working? – Gde smo mi radili? |
Where have you been working? – Gde si ti radio? |
Where have you been working? – Gde ste vi radili? |
Where has he been working? – Gde je on radio? Where has she been working? – Gde je ona radila? Where has it been working? – Gde je ono radilo? |
Where have they been working? – Gde su oni radili? |
Odrični oblik se gradi od odričnog obika glagola BE (u Present Perfect Simple Tensu) i Past Participle-a glavnog glagola.
Odrièni oblik
Jednina (singular) |
Množina (plural) |
I have not (haven`t) been working – Ja nisam radio |
We have not (haven`t) been working – Mi nismo radili |
You have not (haven`t) been working – Ti nisi radio |
You have not (haven`t) been working – Vi niste radili |
He has not (hasn`t) been working – On nije radio She has not (hasn`t) been working – Ona nije radila It has not (hasn`t) been working – Ono nije radilo |
They have not (haven`t) been working – Oni nisu radili |
Upotreba:
Sadašnje svršeno trajno vreme se koristi za:
· Radnju koja je započeta u prošlosti, još uvek traje i može se nastaviti u budućnosti.
She has been learning English for three years. (Ona uči engleski već tri godine.)
U ovom kontekstu koristimo priloge for i since.
For označava ukupan vremenski period trajanja radnje.
I have been swimming for an hour. (Plivam već sat vremena.)
Since označava početak dešavanja radnje.
I have been living here since 1998. (Živim ovde od 1998.)
· Radnju koja se do skoro dešavala i ostavila jasne posledice u sadašnjosti:
It has been raining. The ground is still wet. (Padala je kiša. Zemlja je još mokra.)
Napomena: Kao što se iz prethodnih primera može videti, Present Perfect Continuous Tense se može prevesti i sadašnjim vremenom, u zavisnosti od konteksta.
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
· Present Perfect Simple Tense se koristi kada govorimo o radnjama koje su se dogodile u neodređenom trenutku u prošlosti i gde je jasno naznačeno da je radnja završena. Tako je pri upotrebi Present Perfect Tense-a subjekat više zainteresovan za rezultat radnje.
Mary has bought a new car. (Meri je kupila novi auto.)
I have broken my leg. (Slomila sam nogu.)
· Present Perfect Continuous Tense se koristi kada govorimo o radnjama za koje nismo sasvim sigurni da su završene.Ovim vremenom ističemo da smo više zainteresovani za dužinu trajanja radnje nego posledice koje ona ostavlja.
He has been working for the same company since 1966. (On radi za istu kompaniju od 1966. godine.)
I have been talking to my sister for more than two hours. (Razgovarala sam sa svojom sestrom više od dva sata.)
· Tako se Present Perfect Simple koristi uz How much i How many, aPresent Perfect Continuous Tense uz How long.
How many cakes have you made? (Koliko kolača si napravila?)
How much sugar have you bought? (Koliko šećera si kupio?)
How lon have you been making cakes? (Koliko dugo praviš kolače?)
· Razliku ćemo videti i u primerima:
I have read a book. You can have it back. (Pročitala sam knjigu. Možeš je uzeti natrag.)
I have been reading a book, so you can`t have it back. (Čiam knjigu, pa je ne možeš uzeti natrag.)
U prvoj rečenici radnja je kompletirana dok u drugoj nije.
· U nekim slučajevima oba vremena se mogu koristiti sa istim značenjem. Često sa glagolima LIVE i WORK.
I have been working for this company for 5 years. (Radim za ovu kompaniju već 5 godina.)
I have worked for this company for 5 years. (Radim za ovu kompaniju već 5 godina.)
I`ve been living in London since 1997. (Živim u Londonu od 1997.-e)
I`ve lived in London since 1997. (Živim u Londonu od 1997.-e)
· U slučajevima kada je dužina trajanja radnje naglašena, koristićemo Present Perfect Continuous
I have been working here for ages. (Radim ovde već godinama.)